Notes on the slideshow of ROBERT MOSES… àRobert Moses was considered as a master builder, although most disagree and judge him rather harshly. “EMINENT DOMINION” by Paul Goldberger Topic sentence: Robert Moses has transformed New York but did not really make it better. à”The Power Broker” by Robert Caro shaped this view. ^^^ àIt portrays Moses as a political operative who perpetuated his power by means of grand public works, filling the landscape with bridges and tunnels and parkways, heedless of people or neighborhoods that might get in the way of them. àMoses’ arrogance and lack of interest in the texture of the city contrasts with Jacob’s love of neighborhoods, streets, and by implication, people.
àMoses celebrated big things and his ability to build them, while Jacobs changed the way people thought about cities by teaching them to focus on little things. àThere are those who have tried to change this particular view of Moses, by showing people what he has done to improve New York City. àMoses’ projects have resulted in both good and bad ways. à ”Even more significant, perhaps, than Moses’s productivity is the fact that he was one of the first people to look at New York City not as an isolated urban zone but as the central element in a sprawling region.” à ” Moses was the only public official who both grasped regionalism as a concept and had the ability to do something about it—which meant not only transcending local politics but also figuring out ways to pay for huge projects” àJacobs and Lewis Mumford knew that highways damaged urban neighborhoods, yet most did not see it until long after the damage has been done. àCaro accuses that Moses was a racist and that affected where and which kinds of pools are to be placed in neighborhoods such as East Harlem. Although some argued that this was false. Such as Marta Gutman, who said that there really was the same heating equipment in the pools of East Harlem as in the other pools. Yet no proof was given that those heating equipment was ever turned on. àMoses provided less for the black neighborhoods. à”In the battle of Washington Square, even Moses is yielding.” Lewis Mumford, writing in this magazine in 1959, described the fight to ban traffic from Washington Square as “a heartening sign of the way in which a stir of intelligence and feeling not only can rally far more support than one would expect … but can bring to a halt the seemingly irresistible force of a group of experts and ‘authority
“Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the Triborough Bridge, the Henry Hudson Parkway, the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Southern and Northern State Parkways, the Grand Central Parkway, the Cross Island Parkway, the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, the Throgs Neck Bridge, the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, the Long Island Expressway, the Meadowbrook Parkway, and the Saw Mill River Parkway. He built Jones Beach State Park (an early masterwork), Orchard Beach, the Niagara and St. Lawrence power projects, the New York Coliseum, and the 1964 World’s Fair. By his own count, Moses added six hundred and fifty-eight playgrounds and seventeen public swimming pools to the New York City park system. In Central Park, he added the Conservatory Garden, the Great Lawn, and the Zoo. He played a major role in the creation of Shea Stadium, Stuyvesant Town, Lenox Terrace, Park West Village, Lincoln Towers, Kips Bay Plaza, Washington Square Village, and Co-op City. At one point, Moses held twelve New York City and New York State positions simultaneously. He served under seven governors and five mayors, and a popular joke had it that Moses wasn’t working for them so much as they were serving under Moses.”----- “Eminent Dominion”
The generators of diversity Topic sentence: Diversity is natural to big cities. 1.“A classified telephone directory tells us the greatest single fact about cities: the immense numbers of parts to make up that city, and the immense diversity of those parts.” a)A quote by James Boswell “I have often amused myself, with thinking how different a place London is to many people. They, whose narrow minds are contracted to the consideration of some one particular pursuit, view it only through that medium… But the intellectual man is struck with it, as comprehending the whole of human life in all its variety, the contemplation of which is inexhaustible.” Questions: what is diversity? And why is it natural to big cities? Why isn’t it natural to small cities? Answers:Diversity is change, the condition or result of being changeable.
Robert Moses
He saw New York as a canvas. No one embodied the powers of post war New York as Moses. He gets control on housing. He breaks down obstacles in any way possible… “if the end doesn’t justify the means, what does?,” by R.M. Any city request goes to R.M. tear down slums to “theoretically” for poor people. Not interested in giving housing to blacks or Hispanics. Many were not re-housed at all, from Robert Moses’ projects. Title 1 program is when poor people were kicked out of their homes, so they are destroyed and the land is used for developing middle class and upper class neighborhoods. They tore down thousands of slums. Robert Moses’ projects disturbed and ruined people’s lives. Though to some New Yorkers the public housing provided for them the best the housing they have ever had. Robert Moses betrayed New York City and the community within it. It turned New York bleak and MONOTONOUS. Many, who design cities, do not like cities, their diversity or concentration. This makes instead of a city, but anti-cities. The city became impersonal and alien to its people. Moloch. The longest bridge in the world. Robert Moses’ projects caused the loss the character of the city. Nobody cares about New York but those who live and work there. Power is a very unusual weapon… changing the person. As with Robert Moses, the more power he got the worse he got.
Penn station was torn down. To replace with a high glass and steel office and sports tower, hoping to bring in more money. Pennsylvania station railroad was having financial troubles.West village!!!!
Lower Manhattan 1:22
The lower Manhattan expressways will destroy thousands of historic structures and putting thousands out of their homes.
Would have bulldozed 225 feet of part of lower Manhattan. LME was planned to be built stretching from the china town, in the south to wayward lanes of Greenwich Village. It is an 8 lane, elevated highway.
Jane Jacobs
She worked with many others who wanted to fight the building of the LME. She wanted to let people keep living in peace in their brownstones and neighborhoods. The destruction of those neighborhoods is one of the greatest tragedies of postwar New York. She made people look at the streets. She turned how people see what New York or cities in general, are for. She created empathy for political force. She provides a counter-opinion of what the city is. Robert Moses fought them every step of the way. Rallies and protests were organized to fight the LME. She was arrested for riot, criminal mischief and more. The battle of LME hit climax. In the end, Robert Moses was beaten.
Outline for Jane Jacobs: Making Over Metropolis—Postwar New York City Diversity is natural to big cities. 1. The different names and its immense amount is proof. Different people have many uses and views of the city. 1. One particular pursuit or a job. 2.Shows the complexity and troubles of human life. 3.Contemplated its uses one at a time, by categories. 4.The various categories are then put together to make one overall picture. To understand the city, we must look at the mixtures of all the uses and not each individual use. 1.It identifies the city as the whole phenomena. 2.Looking at each individual use tells something of the person and not the city. Diversity is important to sustain a city’s complexity. 1.The city needs “enough diversity” throughout its territories, to sustain the civilization. 2.The city’s complexity is needed to sustain also its safety, public contact, and cross-use. Monotony and dullness caused by lack of diversity is dangerous for a city’s survival. 1.The lack of commerce within its streets proves to be inconvenient. 2.Empty streets increase the risks of daytime assaults on someone who is alone. 3.It lacks the cultural interest needed by the city to attract people. 4.Someone who wishes to make a living may not be able to, due to the fact that it is an “economic desert. The city’s talent as a natural generator of diversity and prolific incubators of new enterprises and ideas of all kinds is of big advantage for economy. 1.Cities are natural economic homes of immense numbers and ranges of small enterprises. Characteristically, the larger a city, the greater the variety of its manufacturing, and also the greater both the number and the proportion of its small manufacturers. 1.Big enterprises have greater self-sufficiency than small ones. 2.Big enterprises are able to maintain within themselves most of the skills and equipment. 3.Big enterprises can warehouse for themselves. 4.Big enterprises can sell to a broad market which they can seek out wherever it may be. 5.It is more advantageous for big enterprises to not be within cities, unlike those of small enterprises. 6.Small enterprises must draw varied supplies and skills outside themselves. 7.Small enterprises must serve a narrow market at the point where a market exists, and they must be sensitive to quick changes in this market. 8.Small enterprises would simply not exist without the cities. 9.Small enterprises are dependent on the huge diversity of other city enterprises, and they can add further to that diversity. 10.City diversity itself permits and stimulates more diversity. For many activities other than manufacturing, the situation is analogous. 1.Jacobs sites the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company in Hartford. 2.The necessary additional facilities within the new headquarters are inefficient, and idle most of the time. These enterprises aren’t necessarily money losers, but because their uses are limited. 3.A large company can afford such luxury, but small offices can not. 4.If small offices would like to compete for a workforce on even better terms, they must be in a lively city settling where their employees find the ranges of subsidiary conveniences and choices that they want and need.
Lower Manhattan expressway Downtown route submitted to city Topic sentence: City coordinator Robert Moses described the project as “a key to the resurgence of the entire downtown area” a)In order to prove that the highway is the key to the resurgence to the downtown area Robert Moses presented a map. b)“The map, presented to the board of estimate was referred to the city planning commission.” c) Robert Moses _Topic sentence: Robert Moses could contemplate in the way of solid tangible achievement than most men dream of in a lifetime. _Thesis statement: The New York Times leaves the impression to the reader that Robert Moses achievements and “improvements” is a positive thing. a)The New York Times states that the value of the bridge and parkway built was not measured by the amount of concrete or steel used to make them. b)Without Moses imprint there would be no spectacular complex of bridges, tunnels and roadways that make up the tri borough bridge system. c)Also without Moses’ imprint you wouldn’t be able to able to commute or transport to see the upstate country and eastward through long island, to see the model seas sight resort such as Jones beach. d)Robert Moses provided housing development, recreational areas, and banks. e)Without Robert Moses central park with would choke with weeds, tress would die and the zoo would be a reeking eyesore.
àRobert Moses was considered as a master builder, although most disagree and judge him rather harshly.
“EMINENT DOMINION” by Paul Goldberger
Topic sentence: Robert Moses has transformed New York but did not really make it better.
à”The Power Broker” by Robert Caro shaped this view. ^^^
àIt portrays Moses as a political operative who perpetuated his power by means of grand public works, filling the landscape with bridges and tunnels and parkways, heedless of people or neighborhoods that might get in the way of them.
àMoses’ arrogance and lack of interest in the texture of the city contrasts with Jacob’s love of neighborhoods, streets, and by implication, people.
àMoses celebrated big things and his ability to build them, while Jacobs changed the way people thought about cities by teaching them to focus on little things.
àThere are those who have tried to change this particular view of Moses, by showing people what he has done to improve New York City.
àMoses’ projects have resulted in both good and bad ways.
à ”Even more significant, perhaps, than Moses’s productivity is the fact that he was one of the first people to look at New York City not as an isolated urban zone but as the central element in a sprawling region.”
à ” Moses was the only public official who both grasped regionalism as a concept and had the ability to do something about it—which meant not only transcending local politics but also figuring out ways to pay for huge projects”
àJacobs and Lewis Mumford knew that highways damaged urban neighborhoods, yet most did not see it until long after the damage has been done.
àCaro accuses that Moses was a racist and that affected where and which kinds of pools are to be placed in neighborhoods such as East Harlem. Although some argued that this was false. Such as Marta Gutman, who said that there really was the same heating equipment in the pools of East Harlem as in the other pools. Yet no proof was given that those heating equipment was ever turned on.
àMoses provided less for the black neighborhoods.
à”In the battle of Washington Square, even Moses is yielding.” Lewis Mumford, writing in this magazine in 1959, described the fight to ban traffic from Washington Square as “a heartening sign of the way in which a stir of intelligence and feeling not only can rally far more support than one would expect … but can bring to a halt the seemingly irresistible force of a group of experts and ‘authority
“Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the Triborough Bridge, the Henry Hudson Parkway, the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Southern and Northern State Parkways, the Grand Central Parkway, the Cross Island Parkway, the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, the Throgs Neck Bridge, the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, the Long Island Expressway, the Meadowbrook Parkway, and the Saw Mill River Parkway. He built Jones Beach State Park (an early masterwork), Orchard Beach, the Niagara and St. Lawrence power projects, the New York Coliseum, and the 1964 World’s Fair. By his own count, Moses added six hundred and fifty-eight playgrounds and seventeen public swimming pools to the New York City park system. In Central Park, he added the Conservatory Garden, the Great Lawn, and the Zoo. He played a major role in the creation of Shea Stadium, Stuyvesant Town, Lenox Terrace, Park West Village, Lincoln Towers, Kips Bay Plaza, Washington Square Village, and Co-op City. At one point, Moses held twelve New York City and New York State positions simultaneously. He served under seven governors and five mayors, and a popular joke had it that Moses wasn’t working for them so much as they were serving under Moses.”----- “Eminent Dominion”
The generators of diversity
Topic sentence: Diversity is natural to big cities.
1. “A classified telephone directory tells us the greatest single fact about cities: the immense numbers of parts to make up that city, and the immense diversity of those parts.”
a) A quote by James Boswell “I have often amused myself, with thinking how different a place London is to many people. They, whose narrow minds are contracted to the consideration of some one particular pursuit, view it only through that medium… But the intellectual man is struck with it, as comprehending the whole of human life in all its variety, the contemplation of which is inexhaustible.”
Questions: what is diversity? And why is it natural to big cities? Why isn’t it natural to small cities?
Answers: Diversity is change, the condition or result of being changeable.
Robert Moses
He saw New York as a canvas. No one embodied the powers of post war New York as Moses. He gets control on housing. He breaks down obstacles in any way possible… “if the end doesn’t justify the means, what does?,” by R.M. Any city request goes to R.M. tear down slums to “theoretically” for poor people. Not interested in giving housing to blacks or Hispanics. Many were not re-housed at all, from Robert Moses’ projects. Title 1 program is when poor people were kicked out of their homes, so they are destroyed and the land is used for developing middle class and upper class neighborhoods. They tore down thousands of slums. Robert Moses’ projects disturbed and ruined people’s lives. Though to some New Yorkers the public housing provided for them the best the housing they have ever had. Robert Moses betrayed New York City and the community within it. It turned New York bleak and MONOTONOUS. Many, who design cities, do not like cities, their diversity or concentration. This makes instead of a city, but anti-cities. The city became impersonal and alien to its people. Moloch. The longest bridge in the world. Robert Moses’ projects caused the loss the character of the city. Nobody cares about New York but those who live and work there. Power is a very unusual weapon… changing the person. As with Robert Moses, the more power he got the worse he got.
Penn station was torn down. To replace with a high glass and steel office and sports tower, hoping to bring in more money. Pennsylvania station railroad was having financial troubles. West village!!!!
Lower Manhattan 1:22
The lower Manhattan expressways will destroy thousands of historic structures and putting thousands out of their homes.
Would have bulldozed 225 feet of part of lower Manhattan. LME was planned to be built stretching from the china town, in the south to wayward lanes of Greenwich Village. It is an 8 lane, elevated highway.
Jane Jacobs
She worked with many others who wanted to fight the building of the LME. She wanted to let people keep living in peace in their brownstones and neighborhoods. The destruction of those neighborhoods is one of the greatest tragedies of postwar New York. She made people look at the streets. She turned how people see what New York or cities in general, are for. She created empathy for political force. She provides a counter-opinion of what the city is. Robert Moses fought them every step of the way. Rallies and protests were organized to fight the LME. She was arrested for riot, criminal mischief and more. The battle of LME hit climax. In the end, Robert Moses was beaten.
Outline for Jane Jacobs: Making Over Metropolis—Postwar New York CityDiversity is natural to big cities.
1. The different names and its immense amount is proof.
Different people have many uses and views of the city.
1. One particular pursuit or a job.
2. Shows the complexity and troubles of human life.
3. Contemplated its uses one at a time, by categories.
4. The various categories are then put together to make one overall picture.
To understand the city, we must look at the mixtures of all the uses and not each individual use.
1. It identifies the city as the whole phenomena.
2. Looking at each individual use tells something of the person and not the city.
Diversity is important to sustain a city’s complexity.
1. The city needs “enough diversity” throughout its territories, to sustain the civilization.
2. The city’s complexity is needed to sustain also its safety, public contact, and cross-use.
Monotony and dullness caused by lack of diversity is dangerous for a city’s survival.
1. The lack of commerce within its streets proves to be inconvenient.
2. Empty streets increase the risks of daytime assaults on someone who is alone.
3. It lacks the cultural interest needed by the city to attract people.
4. Someone who wishes to make a living may not be able to, due to the fact that it is an “economic desert.
The city’s talent as a natural generator of diversity and prolific incubators of new enterprises and ideas of all kinds is of big advantage for economy.
1. Cities are natural economic homes of immense numbers and ranges of small enterprises.
Characteristically, the larger a city, the greater the variety of its manufacturing, and also the greater both the number and the proportion of its small manufacturers.
1. Big enterprises have greater self-sufficiency than small ones.
2. Big enterprises are able to maintain within themselves most of the skills and equipment.
3. Big enterprises can warehouse for themselves.
4. Big enterprises can sell to a broad market which they can seek out wherever it may be.
5. It is more advantageous for big enterprises to not be within cities, unlike those of small enterprises.
6. Small enterprises must draw varied supplies and skills outside themselves.
7. Small enterprises must serve a narrow market at the point where a market exists, and they must be sensitive to quick changes in this market.
8. Small enterprises would simply not exist without the cities.
9. Small enterprises are dependent on the huge diversity of other city enterprises, and they can add further to that diversity.
10. City diversity itself permits and stimulates more diversity.
For many activities other than manufacturing, the situation is analogous.
1. Jacobs sites the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company in Hartford.
2. The necessary additional facilities within the new headquarters are inefficient, and idle most of the time. These enterprises aren’t necessarily money losers, but because their uses are limited.
3. A large company can afford such luxury, but small offices can not.
4. If small offices would like to compete for a workforce on even better terms, they must be in a lively city settling where their employees find the ranges of subsidiary conveniences and choices that they want and need.
Lower Manhattan expressway
Downtown route submitted to city
Topic sentence: City coordinator Robert Moses described the project as “a key to the resurgence of the entire downtown area”
a) In order to prove that the highway is the key to the resurgence to the downtown area Robert Moses presented a map.
b) “The map, presented to the board of estimate was referred to the city planning commission.”
c)
Robert Moses
_Topic sentence: Robert Moses could contemplate in the way of solid tangible achievement than most men dream of in a lifetime.
_Thesis statement: The New York Times leaves the impression to the reader that Robert Moses achievements and “improvements” is a positive thing.
a) The New York Times states that the value of the bridge and parkway built was not measured by the amount of concrete or steel used to make them.
b) Without Moses imprint there would be no spectacular complex of bridges, tunnels and roadways that make up the tri borough bridge system.
c) Also without Moses’ imprint you wouldn’t be able to able to commute or transport to see the upstate country and eastward through long island, to see the model seas sight resort such as Jones beach.
d) Robert Moses provided housing development, recreational areas, and banks.
e) Without Robert Moses central park with would choke with weeds, tress would die and the zoo would be a reeking eyesore.